英 语 音 标：48 个 国 际 音 标
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注：视频从3’08‘’初步讲48个音标读音
音节与音节区别常识
1. 音节
以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音嘹亮，可以构成音节，子音发音不嘹亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [? ] [l]破例）。从单词拼写方法上看，有几个元音字母就有几个音节。
2. 音节的区别
① 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个子音字母时，一个子音字母组归于前面的音节，一个归于后边的音节。
例如：let-ter，mem-ber，chil-dren，daugh-ter
② 在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只需一个子音字母时，假定前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组归于后边一个音节，假定重读音节里的元音是短音，则子音字母归于重读音节。
例如：长音 pa-per，stu-dent，fa-ther，ze-ro，mo-tor，far-ther
短音 sev-en，stud-y，moth-er，ver-y，mod-le ，weath-er
3. 重读音节
单词中读音特别嘹亮的音节。用音标符号双音节、多音节词的读音时，应运用重读符号。单音节词大都是重读音节，符号读音时不需要运用重读符号。
4. 开音节
① 必定开音节：单个元音字母后边没有子音字母的重读音节。
例如：no，blue，ba-by，stu-dent，se-cret
② 相对开音节：单个元音字母后边加单个子音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。
例如：name，these，bike，home，excuse
5. 闭音节
单个元音字母后边有子音字母（r、w、y 在外）且以子音字母结束的重读音节。
例如：bag，egg，fish，not，cup
6. 双音节词重读规则
① 双音节词的第一个音节一般是重读音节。
例如： stu-dent，Chi-na，sec-ond，au-tumn
② 富含a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词一般是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读方位不会因添加前缀或后缀而发生改动。
例如：a-bout，be-fore，ex-cuse，re-pair，for-get-ful，in-ven-tor
7. 多音节词重读规则
多音节词一般在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如： el-e-phant
词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。
例如：scien-tific，im-pression，na-tion
英语单词拼读规则
1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
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元音字母
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读 音
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例 词
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a
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在开音节中
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[ei]
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name plane Jane baby cake
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在闭音节中
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[?]
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bag dad hat map black back
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e
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在开音节中
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[i:]
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he these me Chinese
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在闭音节中
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[e]
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bed let pen desk yes egg
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i
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在开音节中
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[ai]
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bike fly drive time nice kite
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在闭音节中
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[i]
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fish big drink sit milk swim
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o
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在开音节中
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[?u]
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those close go hoe home no
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在闭音节中
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[?]
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clock not box shop sock
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u
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在开音节中
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[ju:]
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student excuse duty Tuesday
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在闭音节中
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[? ]
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bus cup jump much lunch
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在开音节中，元音字母u在子音字母j l r s后边时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super
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2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
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元音字母
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读 音
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例 词
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a
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[?]
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China another woman breakfast
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[i]
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orange comrade village cabbage
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e
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[?]
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hundred student open weekend
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[i]
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chicken pocket begin children
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i
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[i]
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holiday beautiful family animal
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[ai]
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exercise satellite
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o
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[?]
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second tonight somebody welcome
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[?u]
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also zero photo
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u
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[?]
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autumn diffcult
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[ju:]
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popular congratulation January
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动词中的a假定处在开音节方位，a读[ei]音，例如：operate
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u处在开音节方位，又在子音字母j l r s后边时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue
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在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 既可以读作[?]音可以读作[i]音。
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3、元音字母在重读音节中的特别读音
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元音字母
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读 音
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例 词
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a在[w]音后边
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[?]
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want what watch wash quality
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a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
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[α:]
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after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
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i在-nd -ld和gh前
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[ai]
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find child light high
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o在-st -ld前
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[?u]
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most postcard old cold
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o在m n v th前
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[?]
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come monkey love mother
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4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
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元音字组
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读 音
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例 词
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ar
ar在[w]音后边
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[α:]
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car farm dark sharpener
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[?:]
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warm quarter towards
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or
or在[w]音后边
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[?:]
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forty morning short
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[?:]
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word worker worse
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er ir ur
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[?:]
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certainly bird Thursday
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子音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry sorry hurry
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-r音节在非重读音节中一般读[?]音，例如：dollar teacher forget Saturday
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5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
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元音字组
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读 音
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例 词
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are
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[ε?]
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care dare hare
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ere
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[i?]
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here mere
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ire
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[ai?]
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fire hire wire
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ore
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[?:]
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more score before
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ure
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[ju?]
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pure cure
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are ere ire ore很少呈如今非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[t??]音或[??]，例如：picture pleasure
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重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。
例如：parent zero story during inspiring
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某些常用词及多音节词常常呈现长音短化表象。
例如：orange very American paragraph
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6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
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元音字组
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读 音
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例 词
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ai/ay
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[ei]
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afraid rain wait day play
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air
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[ε?]
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air hair chair pair repair
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al
al在f m前
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[?:l]
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small ball talk wall all
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[?:l]
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always also salt almost
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[α:]
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half calm
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au/aw
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[?:]
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autumn daughter draw
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ea
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[i:]
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teach easy cheap please
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[e]
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heavy bread sweater weather
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[ei]
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break great
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ear
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[i?]
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hear dear near clear year
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[ε?]
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bear pear wear swear
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[?:]
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earth learn early
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ee
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[i:]
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jeep week green three
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eer
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[i?]
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pioneer deer beer
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ei/ey
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[ei]
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eight neighbour they
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[i:]
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either key
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eu/ew在
j l r s后
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[ju:]
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new few newspaper
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[u:]
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flew brew jewelry
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ie/ei[s]音之后
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[i:]
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piece field receive
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oa
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[?u]
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coat Joan boat goal
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oar/oor
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[?:]
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roar board door floor
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oi/oy
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[?i]
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noise point boy toilet
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oo
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[u:]
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broom food tooth school
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[u]
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book look cook foot good
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ou/ow
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[au]
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flower house count down
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[?u]
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know row throw though
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[?]
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young country enough
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[u:]
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group you soup
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our
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[?:]
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course your four
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[au?]
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our hour ours
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[?:]
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journey
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ui
在j l r s后
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[ju:i]
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fluid suicide tuition suit
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[u:]
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juice fruit
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7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
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元音字组或字群
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读 音
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例 词
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ai/ay ei/ey
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[i]
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Sunday foreign monkey
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ow
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[?u]
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yellow sparrow tomorrow
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-sion -tion
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[??n]
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impression nation
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-sion在元音字母后
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[??n]
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vision decision occasion
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-tion在s后
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[t??n]
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question suggestion
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-sten
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[sn]
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listen
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-stle
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[sl]
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whistle
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-sure
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[??]
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pleasure measure
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-ture
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[t??]
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picture culture
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8、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
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复合词中的第二有些不标注重音符号，但其间的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如：
everyday[ei]
handbag[?]
blackboard[?:]
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有些词跟着言语的打开，前后两有些已失掉其单独存在的意义，交融变成一个词。其间的非重读有些要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如：
sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天
holy崇高 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假期
break中止 + fast[a:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[?]早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[?:] ＞ cupboard[?:] 碗柜
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9、辅字组的读音
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辅字组
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读 音
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例 词
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b
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[b]
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bike bus bag
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[/]
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bomb tomb
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c
c在e前或在i/y前
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[k]
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cake picture coat music
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[s]
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face decide cinema
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ch
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[t?]
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much chick rich teacher
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[k]
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school headache chemistry
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[?]
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machine Chicago
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-ck
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[k]
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cock pocket black knock
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d
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[d]
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doctor bread hand day
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-dge
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[d?]
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bridge fridge
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dr-
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[dr]
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children driver drink
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f
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[f]
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five four breakfast
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g
g在e i/y前
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[g]
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bag gardon go
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[d?]
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orange large German
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gh
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[f]
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cough enough photo
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[/]
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light daughter high
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gu- -gue
gu在非重读音节中
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[g]
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guess league dialogue
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[gw]
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language anguish
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h
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[h]
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hot head house hand
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[/]
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hour honest
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j
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[d?]
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jeep jar joke join July
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k
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[k]
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kind bike skate make week
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kn-
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[n]
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knife know knock
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l
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[l]
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life milk school tall
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m
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[m]
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monkey come autumn
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-mn
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[m]
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autumn column solemn
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n
n在[k] [g]音前
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[n]
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not shine ten note
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[?]
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uncle thank hungry
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-ng
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[n]
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morning young wrong
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p
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[p]
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paper plane pig ship pen
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ph
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[f]
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elephant photo telephone
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q
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[k]
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Iraq
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qu-
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[kw]
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quality quite
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r
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[r]
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red rubber ruler
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s在词首或清子音前
元音字母间或浊子音前
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[s]
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sit sleep desk
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[z]
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music husband
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sc-
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[sk]
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scar
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[s]
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muscle science
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sh
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[?]
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she fish shirt wash
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t在一般情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前
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[t]
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ten letter meet
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[?]
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patient nation
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tch
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[t?]
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watch
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th在一般情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中
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[θ]
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thin thirty method
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[e]
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the these with than
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[e]
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clothe father weather
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tr-
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[tr]
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tree train country truck
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v
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[v]
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very voice love leave
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w
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[w]
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week win wake sweet wait
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[/]
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answer two
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wh-
wh-在字母o前
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[w]
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what when white why
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[h]
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who whose whole
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x
在重读元音前
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[ks]
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box text exercise
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[gz]
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examle exist exact
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wr-
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[r]
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write
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y-
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[j]
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yes yard yellow young
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z
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[z]
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puzzle zero zoo
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